![]() ![]() ![]() This book became very popular and had already been republished nine times by 1884. Later in the nineteenth century, Eduard von Hartmann published a book called the Philosophy of the Unconscious, which amounted to nothing more than rampant speculation about the mind and its inner workings, with no data and a scarcity of logic and common sense to boot. He meant that the farmers and breeders were not aware of the reason why what they did worked or of the underlying mechanism behind it-and they were especially unaware of the larger implications of the natural selection mechanism in regard to religious beliefs about the supernatural creation of the world, including all its animals and plants. Darwin, for example, used it repeatedly in his 1859 magnum opus, On the Origin of Species, to refer to how the farmers and breeders of his day unconsciously used the principles of natural selection to grow larger ears of corn and breed fatter cows and woollier sheep. The idea of unconscious parts of the mind, mental processes operating without our awareness, existed long before Freud. Scientists only had theories, case studies from clinical patients, and patchy experimental evidence, which naturally fueled an ongoing debate. ![]() Until recently, it was not possible to systematically and rigorously test how the unconscious affects our thoughts and actions. ![]()
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